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Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas IV ((ラテン語:Nicholaus IV); 30 September 1227 – 4 April 1292), born Girolamo Masci, Pope from 22 February 1288 to his death in 1292. He was the first Franciscan to be elected pope.〔McBrien, Richard P., ''Live of the Popes'', p.226, Harper Collins, 2000〕
==Early life==
Girolamo Masci was born at Lisciano, near Ascoli Piceno. He was a pious, peace-loving friar whose goals as a Franciscan friar were to protect the Church, promote the crusades, and root out heresy. Heinrich of Rebdorf wrote that he was a Doctor of Theology.〔Marquardi Freheri, ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores'' editio tertia (curante Burcardo Gotthelffio Struvio) Tomus Primus (Argentorati: sumptibus Ioannis Reinholdi Dulsseckerii 1717), p. 605.〕 Originally a Franciscan friar, he had been elected Minister of Dalmatia in the Order's chapter at Pisa in 1272. Pope Gregory X (1271-1276), was sending a legate to the Greek Emperor, Michael Paleologus, in 1272, to invite the participation of Greek prelates in the Second Council of Lyons. The Pope's ambition was to achieve a reunion of Eastern and Western Christendom. Frater Bonaventure was invited to select four Franciscans to accompany the Legation as Nuncios. He chose Frater Girolamo Masci as one of the four.〔Luca Wadding, ''Annales Minorum'' IV second edition (edited by J. M. Fonseca) (Rome 1732), p. 345. Their instructions, drawn up by Pope Gregory, are printed at pp. 353-355.〕 Masci succeeded Bonaventure as Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) in 1274. Bonaventure had been attending the General Chapter of the Order, which began at Lyons on 20 May, 1274, when suddenly, during the fifth session, he died. Frater Girolamo Masci was elected to succeed him, even though Masci was still on his embassy to Constantinople and was returning with the Greek delegates.〔Luca Wadding, ''Annales Minorum'' IV second edition (edited by J. M. Fonseca) (Rome 1732), p. 399 and 411.〕 The Greek embassy was presented to the Pope, Cardinals and Council on 4 July, 1274.
He was the associate of John of Vercellae, OP, sent by Pope Nicholas III (Giovanni Caetani Orsini) on 15 October, 1277, to arrange a peace between Philip of France and Alfonso of Spain. He and John were again appointed to the same task on April 4, 1278.〔August Potthast, ''Regesta Pontificum Romanorum'' II (Berlin 1875), nos. 21165, 21294-21295; 21310; and see A. Theiner, ''Caesaris S.R.E. Card. Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici'' 22 (Bar-le-Duc 1870), under the year 1277, no. 47, p. 402.〕 At the same time, Girolamo was ordered to continue as Minister General of the Franciscans until otherwise provided.〔Potthast, no. 21356.〕
Masci was made Cardinal Priest in 1278 by Pope Nicholas III, and assigned the titular church of Santa Pudenziana at some point after 16 May, 1279. Even while a cardinal he was allowed to remain as Minister General of the Franciscans until the next general chapter. He was unable, however, to attend that General Chapter, since, as a letter of apology of Pope Nicholas III, written on May, 1279, indicates, Cardinal Girolamo was ill.〔Potthast, no. 21582.〕 On 12 April, 1281 he was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina by Pope Martin IV.〔(Weber, Nicholas. "Pope Nicholas IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 29 Jan. 2015 ). Conrad Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'' I, editio altera, (Monasterii 1913), pp. 10, 37, 46; and cf. p. 206.〕
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